Why Do Optometrists Dilate Your Eyes During Exams?

What is Pupil Dilation?

Pupil dilation is a routine part of a complete eye exam. During this process, your optometrist applies special eye drops to temporarily enlarge the pupil, the black center of your eye. This allows more light to enter and gives the doctor a clearer, wider view of the internal structures of your eye.

A dilated exam lets your eye doctor inspect the retina, optic nerve, and other areas at the back of your eye. Early detection is key for maintaining healthy vision. Conditions that can be identified during dilation include:

• Diabetic retinopathy  

• Age-related macular degeneration  

• Glaucoma  

• Retina detachments 

Because many eye diseases progress gradually and often without early symptoms, pupil dilation is critical for catching issues early. In some cases, systemic health conditions like diabetes can also be detected during a dilated eye exam. 

What to Expect During Dilation and How Long It Lasts

Your optometrist will place dilating drops in your eyes. Sometimes, an anesthetic drop is applied first to make the process more comfortable. Full dilation generally takes 15–30 minutes, and factors like eye color can influence the speed—lighter-colored eyes may dilate more quickly than darker eyes.

Once your pupils are fully dilated, they will be less responsive to bright light. Your eye doctor will use a bright light and magnifying lens to examine your eyes carefully, checking for signs of eye disease and evaluating overall eye health.

After the exam, you might notice temporary blurred vision or sensitivity to light. These effects usually subside within 1–2 hours, although the exact duration depends on the type of drops used. Your EyeDoctors Optometrists provider will give guidance on what to expect after your exam. 

How to Prepare for a Dilated Eye Exam

While the exam itself is typically brief, dilation can add 30–60 minutes to your visit. Allow extra time when scheduling. Many patients can drive afterward, but if you’re sensitive to light, have a long commute, or are visiting for your first dilated exam, consider arranging a ride.

Your near vision may be blurry, and your eyes may be more sensitive to glare for a few hours, so plan accordingly. Your eye doctor may provide disposable sunglasses, but bringing your own is recommended for comfort in bright light. If you wear contact lenses, bring glasses as well—your doctor may advise waiting before reinserting lenses to prevent damage. For children, plan for a slightly longer visit and consider bringing a snack or activity to help pass the time.

Before your appointment, note any recent vision changes or symptoms—such as flashes, floaters, headaches, or blurry vision—and any questions you’d like to ask. Being prepared helps ensure your dilated eye exam is smooth, comfortable, and provides your doctor with the best possible view of your eyes. 

How Often Should You Get a Dilated Eye Exam?

The recommended schedule for dilated eye exams depends on factors such as age, health history, and personal risk. Your EyeDoctors Optometrists provider can advise the best timeline for you. In general, a dilated exam may be suggested every one to two years if you: 

• Are over 60  

• Are of African American heritage and over age 40  

• Have diabetes  

• Have a family history of glaucoma 

These are standard guidelines, but your eye doctor may recommend more frequent exams if you have existing eye conditions or other risk factors. Regular dilated exams are essential for early detection and long-term vision health.